Campus Virtuales
Los MOOC's: del cambio tecnológico a la transformación de la metodología educativa.
MOOC’s: from technological change to the transformation of the educational methodology.
Francisco José Martínez. Huelva (España)
Resumen / Abstract
Palabras Clave / Keywords
Referencias / References
Cómo citar / How to cite
Martínez, F. J. (2013). Los MOOC's: del cambio tecnológico a la transformación de la metodología educativa. Campus virtuales, 2(1), 07-09.
UniMOOC: Trabajo colaborativo e innovación educativa.
UniMOOC: colaborative work, innovating in education.
Andrés Pedreño. Alicante (España)
Luis Moreno Izquierdo. Alicante (España)
Ana Belén Ramón. Alicante (España)
Pedro Agustín Pernías. Alicante (España)
Resumen / Abstract
Desde que en 2007-2008 se pusiera en práctica por vez primera la metodología MOOC (Cursos Abierto Online y Masivo), el proceso de innovación educativa se ha acelerado gracias a iniciativas tan potentes como Udacity, Coursera o MITx. Su impacto potencial en el mundo universitario y de la enseñanza en general han llevado a replantear el futuro de la educación a gran escala.
El éxito de los MOOCs ha sido exponencial, desde los 50 matriculados en el curso de David Wiley sobre Educación Abierta (año 2007) hasta los más de 2.5 millones de inscritos en Coursera en 2012. Hasta este punto, se ha vivido un proceso de reafirmación y apuesta por el modelo tanto por parte de la sociedad como de las instituciones educativas de mayor prestigio en el mundo. A pesar de encontrarnos aun en un marco metodológico claramente experimental, ya nadie puede negar el éxito cosechado por los MOOCs y el previsible futuro que parece aguardarles.
En este documento se presenta el caso UniMOOC como el primer MOOC para emprendedores en español, un proyecto que comienza a definirse en la primavera de 2012, y que cuenta con una proyección orientada a alcanzar los 60.000 alumnos en su primera edición.
In 2007-2008 appeared for the very first time the MOOC phenomenon (Massive Open Online Course). Since then educational innovation process has accelerated due to initiatives like Udacity, Coursera or MITx. The potential impact of MOOCs in every educational grade has forced to rethink the future of universities and schools.
The success of MOOCs has been exponential: the 2007 David Wiley's Open Education MOOC involved 50 students; in 2012 were more than 2.5 millions of courserians inscribed in at least one of the thousands MOOCs offered in Coursera. To gain the current success it has been necessary the society recognition and the support from the main educational institutions of the world. Nowadays the educational community is still in the first stage of the MOOC methodology, but what it has achieved in a few years aim to a favourable future.
In this paper we present UniMOOC Project, like the first Spanish MOOC for entrepreneurships. This Project started to define in Spring of 2012, and it is projected to reach more than 60.000 users in its first edition.
Palabras Clave / Keywords
Educación, MOOCs, Emprendedores, Innovación.
Education, MOOCs, Entrepreneurships, Innovation.
Referencias / References
Albrow, M. & King, E. (1981). Globalization, knowledge and society. London:SAGE.
Bates, T. (December 16, 2012). Online learning in 2012: a retrospective. http://www.tonybates.ca/2012/12/16/online-learning-in-2012-a-retrospective/
Berge, Z. L. (2002). Active, interactive, and reflective elearning. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 3(2), 181-190.
Clark, D. (2012). Napsterisation of learning: Democratisation, decentralisation and disintermediation of learning. Blog Donald Clark Plan
B. Recuperado de http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com.es/2012/10/napsterisation-of-learning.html
Clark, D. (2013). Student cliff – 7 reasons for plummeting student numbers. Blog Donald Clark Plan B. Recuperado de http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.ca/2013/01/student-cliff7-reasons-for-plummeting.html
Downes, S. (2009). Types of Meaning. Recuperado de http://halfanhour.blogspot.com.es/2009/01/types-of-meaning.html
Downes, S. (2011). Learning Analytics and Knowledge: LAK12. How This Course Works. Recuperado de http://lak12.mooc.ca/how.htm
Downes, S. (2011). MOOC 2011: The Massive Open Online Course in Theory and in Practice. Recuperado de http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/xmooc-the-massive-open-online-course-in-theory-and-in-practice.
Downes, S. (2012a). Connectivism and Connective Knowledge. Essays on meaning and learning networks. Recuperado de http://www.downes.ca/files/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.pdfel 25/08/12.
Downes, S., (2012b). Whose Connectivism?. Recuperado de http://halfanhour.blogspot.pt/2012/10/whose-connectivism.html.
Downes, S. (2012c). Commentary by Stephen Downes about “Teorías y modelos sobre el aprendizaje en entornos conectados y ubicuos”. February 23, 2013. Stephen Downes (antigua Stephen’s web). Recuperado de http://www.downes.ca/post/59661# y http://www.downes.ca/archive/12/12_20_news_OLDaily.htm
Fenn, J., & Raskino, M. (2008). Mastering the hype cycle: how to choose the right innovation at the right time. Harvard Business Press.
Fenn, J. (1995). When to leap on the hype cycle. Gartner ID: SPA-ATA-305.
IES (2013). Projections of Education Statistics to 2021. Recuperado de http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2013008
Katherine Mangan (2013 ). eCornell Offers a MOOC That Steers Students to a Paid Follow-Up. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Recuperado de http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/ecornell-to-offer-mooc-that-steers-students-to-for-credit-follow-up/41433.
Kolowich, S. (2013). Elite Online Courses for Cash and Credit. Inside Higher Ed. Recuperado de http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/11/16/top-tier-universities-band-together-offer-credit-bearing-fully-online-courses.
Liu, Y., & Shrum, L. J. (2002). What is interactivity and is it always such a good thing? Implications of definition, person, and situation for the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of advertising, 53-64.
Muirhead, B. (1999). Attitudes toward interactivity in a graduate distance education program: A qualitative analysis. Dissertation. com.
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reigeluth, C. (2012). Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 32. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/32
Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. Recuperado http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.3793&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Siemens, G. et al. (2012). How This Course Works. Learning Analytics and Knowledge: LAK12. Recuperado de http://lak12.mooc.ca/how.htm
Stehr, N. (1994). Arbeit, Eigentum und Wissen. Zur Theorie von Wissensgesellschaften. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
Thrun, S. y Norvig, P. (2012). Online Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (based on Stanford CS221, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence). Information for students. Recuperado de https://www.ai-class.com/overview.
Thiel, P. (2013). Davos. Recuperado de http://blogs.hbr.org/hbr/hbreditors/2013/01/eight_brilliant_minds_on_the_f.html
Wiley, D. (2012). The MOOC Misnomer. Recuperado de http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2436
Wiley, D. (2012b). Slip Sliding Away: The Open en MOOC. Recuperado de http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2509
Wiley, D. (2012c). Thoughts on Conducting Research in MOOCs. Posted on March 5, 2012. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2205. Blog de David Wiley: iterating toward openness pragmatism over zeal
Willke, H. (1998). Systemisches Wissensmanagement. Stuttgart: UTB/Lucius & Lucius.
World Bank (1998). World Development Report 1998/1999 - Knowledge for Development. Nueva York: Oxford University Press
Young, J.R. (2013). Coursera Announces Details for Selling Certificates and Verifying Identities. The Chronicle of Higher. Recuperado de http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/coursera-announces-details-for-selling-certificates-and-verifying-identities/41519).
Zapata-Ros, M. (2003) Sistemas de educación a distancia a través de redes. Unos rasgos para la propuesta de evaluación de la calidad.
RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 9. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/9/sistemas.pdf
Zapata-Ros, M. (2011). Evaluación de la calidad en entornos sociales de aprendizaje RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 29.Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/29/
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012a). Calidad y entornos ubicuos de aprendizaje. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 31. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/31/zapata_ros.pdf
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012b) Teorías y modelos sobre el aprendizaje en entornos conectados y ubicuos. Bases para un nuevo modelo teórico a partir de una visión crítica del conectivismo 2012 [Preprint]. Recuperado de http://eprints.rclis.org/17463/
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012c). La calidad y los MOOCs(I): La interacción. Blog Cátedra UNESCO de Educación a Distancia (CUED). Recuperado de http://blogcued.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/la-calidad-y-los-moocsi-la-interaccion.html
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012d). La calidad y los MOOCs (II): La investigación y la evaluación de la calidad. Blog Cátedra UNESCO de Educación a Distancia (CUED) http://blogcued.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/la-calidad-y-los-moocs-ii-la.html
Cómo citar / How to cite
Pedreño, A., Moreno, L., Ramón, A. B. & Pernías, P. A. (2013). UniMOOC: Trabajo colaborativo e innovación educativa. Campus virtuales, 2(1), 10-18.
MOOCs, una visión crítica y una alternativa complementaria: La individualización del aprendizaje y de la ayuda pedagógica.
MOOCs, a critical view and an additional alternative: Personalized learning and pedagogical support.
Miguel Zapata-Ros. Murcia (España)
Resumen / Abstract
En este trabajo abordaremos de forma crítica la naturaleza de los MOOCs. Analizaremos los requisitos y las características que le atribuyen sus creadores y las versiones más conocidas. Para ver si suponen ganancia pedagógica y cual es, o si constituyen realmente una innovación. También veremos en qué contexto se producen y qué alternativas viables hay.
Partiremos de los cambios, en la configuración y en las características básicas, de la Sociedad Postindustrial del Conocimiento, que tiene su principal base, organización y riqueza, en el conocimiento. Nos planteamos si la naturaleza del aprendizaje ha cambiado y cuáles son los rasgos que repercuten en ese cambio. Concluimos que la configuración de la sociedad emergente hace que “el valor esté en la matriz no en el ejemplar”, hecho que está en la raíz de los MOOCs.
La fundamentación de los MOOCs está en el conectivismo, sistema epistemológico que suministra ideas sobre cómo se producen ciertos fenómenos de aprendizaje entre alumnos conectados, pero que carece de la naturaleza y de la estructura de una teoría.
Los MOOCs que conocemos carecen de diseño instruccional y de una metodología propia, no son evaluativos ni investigativos, no pueden integrarse en una investigación en la que se utilicen las calificaciones como la variable dependiente en la investigación, sea cual sea la variable independiente.
In this work we will review the nature of MOOCs. We will analyse the requirements and characteristics attributed to their creators and their best known versions. We will see whether educational profit is to be obtained, and in that case, identify it. Furthermore, we will examine whether MOOCs can really be considered an innovation. We will also see in what context they occur and identify viable alternatives.
Our starting point will be the changes in the configuration and the basic characteristics of the Postindustrial Society of Knowledge, which has its main basis, organization and wealth in knowledge. We ask whether the nature of learning has changed and what the features that affect that change are. We conclude that the configuration of the emerging society makes for " value to be in the matrix, not in the issue," a fact rooted in MOOCs.
The foundation of MOOCs lies in Connectivism, an epistemological system that provides insights into how certain phenomena of learning occur between connected, but lacks the nature and structure of a theory.
The MOOCs we know lack instructional design and a methodology of their own. They are not evaluative or researchful. They cannot be integrated into research where grades are used as the dependent variable, regardless of the independent variable.
Palabras Clave / Keywords
MOOC, Sociedad Postindustrial del Conocimiento, Aprendizaje en la Sociedad Postindustrial del
Conocimiento, Visión crítica, Conectivismo, Teorías del aprendizaje, Tendencias.
MOOC, Postindustrial Society of Knowledge, Learning in Postindustrial Society of Knowledge, Critical vision,
Connectivism, Learning theories, Trends.
Referencias / References
Albrow, M. & King, E. (1981). Globalization, knowledge and society. London:SAGE.
Bates, T. (December 16, 2012). Online learning in 2012: a retrospective. http://www.tonybates.ca/2012/12/16/online-learning-in-2012-a-retrospective/
Berge, Z. L. (2002). Active, interactive, and reflective elearning. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 3(2), 181-190.
Clark, D. (2012). Napsterisation of learning: Democratisation, decentralisation and disintermediation of learning. Blog Donald Clark Plan B. Recuperado de http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com.es/2012/10/napsterisation-of-learning.html
Clark, D. (2013). Student cliff – 7 reasons for plummeting student numbers. Blog Donald Clark Plan B. Recuperado de http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.ca/2013/01/student-cliff-7-reasons-for-plummeting.ht-ml
Downes, S. (2009). Types of Meaning. Recuperado de http://halfanhour.blogspot.com.es/2009/01/types-of-meaning.html
Downes, S. (2011). Learning Analytics and Knowledge: LAK12. How This Course Works. Recuperado de http://lak12.mooc.ca/how.htm
Downes, S. (2011). MOOC 2011: The Massive Open Online Course in Theory and in Practice. Recuperado de http://www.slideshare.net/Downes/xmooc-the-massive-open-online-course-in-theory-and-in-practice.
Downes, S. (2012a). Connectivism and Connective Knowledge. Essays on meaning and learning networks. Recuperado de http://www.downes.ca/files/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.pdfel 25/08/12.
Downes, S., (2012b). Whose Connectivism?. Recuperado de http://halfanhour.blogspot.pt/2012/10/whose-connectivism.html.
Downes, S. (2012c). Commentary by Stephen Downes about “Teorías y modelos sobre el aprendizaje en entornos conectados y ubicuos”. February 23, 2013. Stephen Downes (antigua Stephen’s web). Recuperado de http://www.downes.ca/post/59661# y http://www.downes.ca/archive/12/12_20_news_OLDaily.htm
Fenn, J., & Raskino, M. (2008). Mastering the hype cycle: how to choose the right innovation at the right time. Harvard Business Press.
Fenn, J. (1995). When to leap on the hype cycle. Gartner ID: SPA-ATA-305. IES (2013). Projections of Education Statistics to 2021. Recuperado de http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2013008
Katherine Mangan (2013 ). eCornell Offers a MOOC That Steers Students to a Paid Follow-Up. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Recuperado de http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/ecornell-to-offer-mooc-that-steers-students-to-for-credit-follow-up/41433.
Kolowich, S. (2013). Elite Online Courses for Cash and Credit. Inside Higher Ed. Recuperado de http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/11/16/top-tier-universities-band-together-offer-credit-bearing-fully-online-courses.
Liu, Y., & Shrum, L. J. (2002). What is interactivity and is it always such a good thing? Implications of definition, person, and situation for the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of advertising, 53-64.
Muirhead, B. (1999). Attitudes toward interactivity in a graduate distance education program: A qualitative analysis. Dissertation. com.
Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reigeluth, C. (2012). Instructional Theory and Technology for the New Paradigm of Education. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 32. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/32
Siemens, G. (2004). Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age. Recuperado http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.3793&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Siemens, G. et al. (2012). How This Course Works. Learning Analytics and Knowledge: LAK12. Recuperado de http://lak12.mooc.ca/how.htm
Stehr, N. (1994). Arbeit, Eigentum und Wissen. Zur Theorie von Wissensgesellschaften. Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
Thrun, S. y Norvig, P. (2012). Online Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (based on Stanford CS221, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence). Information for students. Recuperado de https://www.ai-class.com/overview.
Thiel, P. (2013). Davos. Recuperado de http://blogs.hbr.org/hbr/hbreditors/2013/01/eight_brilliant_minds_on_the_f.html
Wiley, D. (2012). The MOOC Misnomer. Recuperado de http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2436
Wiley, D. (2012b). Slip Sliding Away: The Open en MOOC. Recuperado de http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2509
Wiley, D. (2012c). Thoughts on Conducting Research in MOOCs. Posted on March 5, 2012. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2205. Blog de David Wiley: iterating toward openness pragmatism over zeal
Willke, H. (1998). Systemisches Wissensmanagement. Stuttgart: UTB/Lucius & Lucius. World Bank (1998). World Development Report 1998/1999 - Knowledge for Development. Nueva York: Oxford University Press
Young, J.R. (2013). Coursera Announces Details for Selling Certificates and Verifying Identities. The Chronicle of Higher. Recuperado de http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/coursera-announces-details-for-selling-certificates-and-verifying-identities/41519).
Zapata-Ros, M. (2003) Sistemas de educación a distancia a través de redes. Unos rasgos para la propuesta de evaluación de la calidad. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 9. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/9/sistemas.pdf
Zapata-Ros, M. (2011). Evaluación de la calidad en entornos sociales de aprendizaje RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 29. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/29/
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012a). Calidad y entornos ubicuos de aprendizaje. RED, Revista de Educación a Distancia. Número 31. Recuperado de http://www.um.es/ead/red/31/zapata_ros.pdf
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012b) Teorías y modelos sobre el aprendizaje en entornos conectados y ubicuos. Bases para un nuevo modelo teórico a partir de una visión crítica del conectivismo 2012 [Preprint]. Recuperado de http://eprints.rclis.org/17463/
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012c). La calidad y los MOOCs(I): La interacción. Blog Cátedra UNESCO de Educación a Distancia (CUED). Recuperado de http://blogcued.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/la-calidad-y-los-moocsi-la-interaccion.html
Zapata-Ros, M. (2012d). La calidad y los MOOCs (II): La investigación y la evaluación de la calidad. Blog Cátedra UNESCO de Educación a Distancia (CUED) http://blogcued.blogspot.com.es/2012/11/la-calidad-y-los-moocs-ii-la.html
Cómo citar / How to cite
Zapata-Ros, M. (2013). MOOCs, una visión crítica y una alternativa complementaria: La individualización del aprendizaje y de la ayuda pedagógica. Campus virtuales, 2(1), 20-38.
Open Research and Open Learning.
Investigación y aprendizaje abiertos.
Roy Trevor Williams. United Kingdom
Jenny Mackness. United Kingdom
Resumen / Abstract
This paper describes the authors’ journeys from traditionally closed to open research, and the development of a theoretical framework, and some practical tools and a 3D graphic palette, for designers, teachers and learners to use, to describe the dynamics of learning in the new open learning courses and events, including MOOCs and other interactive learning spaces. Using a narrative approach, the authors draw on their recent research experience to explore the influences on this shift and how it aligns with their increasing work in emergent learning. The shift has itself been an emergent process. Changes in the both open research and open learning are based on ‘social software’, which changes the relationship between public and private space, and formal and informal forms of speech and writing. This creates a new hybrid, or ‘mashup’ between open research and open learning, which goes beyond ‘open scholarship’.
Palabras Clave / Keywords
Visual Arts, Digital technology, Teaching process, Learning, TIC, Education.
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Williams, R., Mackness, J. & Gumtau,S. (2013). Learning across cultures, SEAD WHITE Paper process, USA. Retrieved from: http://seadnetwork.wordpress.com/white-paper-abstracts/abstracts/describing-changing-curricula/
Williams, R., Gumtau, S. & Mackness, J. (in press). Synesthesia: from cross-modality to modality-free learning and knowledge. (Forthcoming in 2014 in Leonardo Journal)
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice. Meaning, learning and identity . USA: Cambridge University Press
Wenger, E. (2010). Communities of practice and social learning systems: the career of a concept. In Blackmore, C. (Editor) Social Learning Systems and communities of practice. Springer Verlag and the Open University. Retrieved from: http://wengertrayner.com/resources/publications/cops-and-learning-systems/
Cómo citar / How to cite
Williams, R. T. & Mackness, J. (2013). Open Research and Open Learning. Campus virtuales, 2(1), 40-53.




